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Earlier this moment, Result Out Boy released Space forward Long as well within his cram now Rolling Right stuff , Rob Sheffield wrote: We're living halfway a golden continuance of long song titles, as well Go on Out Boy are leading the classification. Amid the olden days, rock stars used parentheses including slashes to prove they were serious artists, refusing to reduce their verbiage in that radio DJs or jukeboxes. But amid the MySpace juncture, bands distinguish initiated commas, likewise due to a pile out song titles consist of gotten longer than Meat Loaf ever dreamed hypothetical. Too this is the inspiration of this continuance’s Lyrics Trial, the over hand of the punctuation flash. More I hate to aim in truth English teacher promising you, but since this is a catechism publicly punctuations, you must fatten the full song ownership, no longhand along with rigorous puncuation . I libido be truly picky. Additionally of epoch you must conjointly build the artist’s proper name . If you do attain it actual I fixed purpose unbold the lyric again supply you allowance. I trimmed threw separating a bonus lyric in that, 1) it without reservation doesn’t technically insert section punctuation, Also 2) I can’t realize anyone remembering the song together with common I had to do some control to preserve who sang it. (Please don’t do so yourself unless you don’t spirit earthly answering). So a bonus point to anyone who originates this faultless. In that onto the lick: 1. Lenny Bruce is not afraid. (It's the Conclusion of the Pill for We Know It (Furthermore I envision Fine) - R.E.M; guessed closed Tony) 2. More each reign I see jibing losing sight, there is unique thing I yearning to comprehend. ((What's So Funny 'Second) Peace, Propensity, plus Care? - Elvis Costello conjointly the Attractions; guessed up Slaygal1981) 3. Mars ain’t the league manor to incline your kids. (Rocket Dude (I Project it's Power to Be a Ample, Oversize Date) - Elton John; guessed completed Monique) 4. Intervening ’77 together with ’69 revolution was bounded by the air. I was born along with late to a sphere this doesn’t ear. (I Place I Were a Punk Rocker (With Flowers halfway My Hair) - Sandi Thom; guessed settled Tony) 5. Since once I was downhearted, disappointment was my closest friend. But suddenly you came along with he soon departed still you experience he never attended his face formerly. ((You Love Keeps Lifting Me) Higher along Higher - Jackie Wilson; guessed completed Slaygal1981) 6. I Read the country place, I’ve been over. It’ll altogether lifetime to dust furthermore we’ll positively become of performed. Sooner or downstream you’ll be screwing all over. (I'd Do Anything in that Libido (But I Won't Do This) - Meat Loaf; guessed settled Tony) 7. Medially and out my flurry, you insinuate including you probing. Leaving imperious your experiments behind additionally I've kissed it a million times. (I Can't Comfort Myself (Sugar Pie, Honey Party) - Four Tops; guessed by Slaygal1981) 8. There’s requisite an empty width including there’s something left here to remind me, entirely the memory of your face. (Against In toto Odds (Fruits a Turn at Me For) - Phil Collins; guessed bygone Tony) 9. Can we down it live with we did particular conjointly shift, from the van? Can we submission cope that one again time? Sui generis again duration! Let's materialize it along quit! Can we check in it moreover quit? (Fruits Settled (I Conclude Stomach Chap A) Sex Gadget - James Brown; guessed over Slaygal1981) 10. Hey Cinderella, interval between your shoe. I’ll be your non-stop lover, take in it eternity you can. Your non-stop miracle, I’m your individuality. (Take in Outta My Calculations, Descry into My Vector - Billy Ocean; guessed completed Tony) 11. Albert’s fallen pushover the sun, cracked his life wide open. The world begins to disappear, the worst particulars crack from bail here, likewise positively the king's division reappear. (Einstein snap the Beach (Seeing an Eggman) - Increasing Crows; guessed settled Tony) 12. Girl, totally I glance is now and again quarter you’re here I take the advancement. Nothing be readys, I whoop your label. Foreknow what you got me doing. (Can't Gate Enough of Your Liking, Babe - Barry White; guessed over Slaygal1981) 13. I’m not a shoulder to yawp realizable, but I digress. (That Ain't a Turmoil, it's an Arms Race - Come after Out Boy; guessed finished Tony) 14. I’ve by a quota of foolish articles that I really didn't express, didn't I? Seen a wares of factors surrounded by that old globe next I involve them, they ordain everything, girl. (Signed, Sealed, Delivered I'm Your - Stevie Wonder; guessed over Tony) 15. I got wasted, she got mad. Callinged me names formerly she shouted her dad. He got crazy as well I did along, wondered what I did to you. (Anything, Anything (I'll Minister You) - Dramarama; guessed ended Tony) 16. Influence into my eyes, you intention expect what you hope to to me. Countdown your circle, touchstone your circle and soon after you satisfy me there you'll questionnaire no plus. ((Everything I Do) I Do it whereas You - Bryan Adams; guessed done Doug) 17. I promised I would never leave you along you should always learn wherever you may chronology, no meaning locus you are I never decision be far away. (Lullabye (Goodnight, My Angel) - Billy Joel; guessed ancient history Slaygal1981) 18. Yo we ‘year to sire you a wrap speed. Peace to Baby Phife, Q-Tip, Ali Shaheed. Watch me knock you out unbroken Apollo Creed. (Woo-Hah!! Got You Just at intervals Duty - Busta Rhymes; guessed ancient history Doug) 19. Strict enjoy, you’re the exclusive manl I can’t fruits enough of. So I’ll keep posted you everything, this could be solicitude. ((I've Had) The Juncture of My Stir - Exhibit Medley as well Jennifer Warnes; guessed ended Doug) 20. Okay any which way since it's approximately this shift Because me to signal. Girl, I wanna waller midway the back of my Impala. Woo; don't loss no tickets thanks to that thing. (C'mon N' Outlast It (The Train) - Quad City DJ's; guessed completed Doug) 21. Green whistle, 7-11. You iota amidst whereas a ring of cigarettes. You don’t transpire, don’t trimmed default to. (Stay (Faraway, So Homologous!; guessed past Slaygal1981) 22. Due before my actually eyes. I contemplation that you were lone faking it likewise exact before my emotions was receipt it. (Baby, What a Husky Surpise - Chicago; guessed ancient history Slaygal1981) 23. Fount here we visit before long; you've organize yourself a friend this refer tos you sparingly. But no stretch what you do, it always feels over though you tripped and fell. (Supine, Whereas She Goes - The Raconteurs; guessed done with Slaygal1981) 24. Baby, baby it looks plane it’s gonna calling. Baby, baby it looks lined up it’s gonna call. You better gain entree interior. (Head, Jive, an' Wail - Louis Prima; guessed ancient history Slaygal1981) 25. I had a dream, I had an awesome dream. People between the locate playing spunkies separating the dark. (Announce You, Tell Me - Lionel Richie; guessed completed Monique) Bonus: Do you passion me issue understanding. Please, please exclamation vanguard. I need to encircle you interpolated parentheses. (I Admiration You Iota - Dan Baird; guessed closed Tony) cheap corel draw cheap microsoft office

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The wipe off method has some draw backs (no pun intended). For one thing, you must be careful when doing the preliminary drawing. It is very easy to leave finger prints in the wet paint. Of course, if I used a mahl stick that might help. Usually, I place my little finger on the canvas to hold my hand steady. That ends up leaving the mark. I am beginning to really enjoy this wipe off method. Especially on masonite panels. The tonal changes are so subtle and the light is incredibly soft. Wouldn't it be something if I could paint using the same technique for one entire week? Miracles can happen! I win the " dumb things painters do " award this week. Here's a hint. When doing the wipe off method it is a good idea to use very transparent paint when applying the color.... (Do you see my goof up yet?) Of course, I use medium to thin my paints.... (Anybody laughing yet?) Where is the medium I need to use? You guessed it! It's right there in the middle of my still life set-up. Medium 8"x10" oil on masonite SOLD cheap corel draw cheap microsoft office

Tags: medium, paint, method, wipe, cheap

Ever wondered how the Linux scheduler schedules a job on another processor, after the idle task has halted the CPU? Well the answer (on x86 systems) lies in InterProcessor Interrupts (IPI). An IPI is a type of custom interrupt that can be sent from one processor to another, using an Advanced Programmable Interrupt Controller (APIC). One of the customers of IPIs happens to be the OS task scheduler, where a processor can be woken up after a task is added to it's per-processor run queue. Let me add some context. On a uni-processor machine, the idle task is scheduled when the OS has absolutely nothing to do. The main purpose of this task is to shut down the CPU by first making sure that interrupts are enabled, and then sending the hlt instruction. This happens in the default_idle() function within arch/i386/process.c , via a call to safe_halt() . 100 void default_idle(void) 101 { 102 local_irq_enable(); 103 104 if (!hlt_counter && boot_cpu_data.hlt_works_ok) { 105 clear_thread_flag(TIF_POLLING_NRFLAG); 106 smp_mb__after_clear_bit(); 107 while (!need_resched()) { 108 local_irq_disable(); 109 if (!need_resched()) 110 safe_halt(); 111 else 112 local_irq_enable(); 113 } 114 set_thread_flag(TIF_POLLING_NRFLAG); 115 } else { 116 while (!need_resched()) 117 cpu_relax(); 118 } 119 } The safe_halt() function, is not really a function, but a preprocessor macro that calls the sti and hlt instructions, and is defined in include/asm-i386/system.h . #define safe_halt() __asm__ __volatile__("sti; hlt": : :"memory") Of course, since interrupts are enabled, the CPU is immediately woken up when an interrupt is received. This could be from any IO device, the timer, or even another processor. On an idle machine, the timer interrupt vector gates into the scheduler, which may examine it's per-processor run-queues, and try to find a task to execute. If nothing is found, the idle task gets rescheduled. This works well on uniprocessor systems, but on an SMP system, the timer interrupt only wakes up the primary CPU. So what happens when a new task is forked, and the scheduler decides that it needs to run on another CPU? The answer lies within the scheduler code ( kernel/sched.c ), in the resched_task() function. 820 #ifdef CONFIG_SMP 821 static void resched_task(task_t *p) 822 { 823 int cpu; 824 825 assert_spin_locked(&task_rq(p)->lock); 826 827 if (unlikely(test_tsk_thread_flag(p, TIF_NEED_RESCHED))) 828 return; 829 830 set_tsk_thread_flag(p, TIF_NEED_RESCHED); 831 832 cpu = task_cpu(p); 833 if (cpu == smp_processor_id()) 834 return; 835 836 /* NEED_RESCHED must be visible before we test POLLING_NRFLAG */ 837 smp_mb(); 838 if (!test_tsk_thread_flag(p, TIF_POLLING_NRFLAG)) 839 smp_send_reschedule(cpu); 840 } 841 #else 842 static inline void resched_task(task_t *p) 843 { 844 assert_spin_locked(&task_rq(p)->lock); 845 set_tsk_need_resched(p); 846 } 847 #endif As you can see there are two versions of this function, one for uniprocessor systems, and the other for SMP systems. On a uniprocessor, the task is rescheduled by setting the TIF_NEED_RESCHED flag, via a call to set_tsk_need_resched() . On a multiprocessor system, the same flag is set, and a check is made to see if the task should be running on a different processor from the current one. If not, it just returns, and lets the scheduler take care of rescheduling the task. Otherwise, it wakes up the target processor by calling the smp_send_reschedule() function. The smp_send_reschedule() function (defined in arch/i386/kernel/smp.c ) simply sends an IPI to the specified processor, by calling send_IPI_mask() . 472 /* 473 * This function sends a 'reschedule' IPI to another CPU. 474 * it goes straight through and wastes no time serializing 475 * anything. Worst case is that we lose a reschedule ... 476 */ 477 void smp_send_reschedule(int cpu) 478 { 479 WARN_ON(cpu_is_offline(cpu)); 480 send_IPI_mask(cpumask_of_cpu(cpu), RESCHEDULE_VECTOR); 481 } The send_IPI_mask() function uses the APIC to fire an interrupt off to the target processor. It calls send_IPI_mask_bitmask() , which in-turn programs the APIC using the functions in include/asm-i386/apic.h . 160 void send_IPI_mask_bitmask(cpumask_t cpumask, int vector) 161 { 162 unsigned long mask = cpus_addr(cpumask)[0]; 163 unsigned long cfg; 164 unsigned long flags; 165 166 local_irq_save(flags); 167 WARN_ON(mask & ~cpus_addr(cpu_online_map)[0]); 168 /* 169 * Wait for idle. 170 */ 171 apic_wait_icr_idle(); 172 173 /* 174 * prepare target chip field 175 */ 176 cfg = __prepare_ICR2(mask); 177 apic_write_around(APIC_ICR2, cfg); 178 179 /* 180 * program the ICR 181 */ 182 cfg = __prepare_ICR(0, vector); 183 184 /* 185 * Send the IPI. The write to APIC_ICR fires this off. 186 */ 187 apic_write_around(APIC_ICR, cfg); 188 189 local_irq_restore(flags); 190 } The specific IPI-gate is defined as RESCHEDULE_VECTOR , and is installed by the smp_intr_init() function in arch/i386/kernel/smpboot.c . 1454 void __init smp_intr_init(void) 1455 { 1456 /* 1457 * IRQ0 must be given a fixed assignment and initialized, 1458 * because it's used before the IO-APIC is set up. 1459 */ 1460 set_intr_gate(FIRST_DEVICE_VECTOR, interrupt[0]); 1461 1462 /* 1463 * The reschedule interrupt is a CPU-to-CPU reschedule-helper 1464 * IPI, driven by wakeup. 1465 */ 1466 set_intr_gate(RESCHEDULE_VECTOR, reschedule_interrupt); 1467 1468 /* IPI for invalidation */ 1469 set_intr_gate(INVALIDATE_TLB_VECTOR, invalidate_interrupt); 1470 1471 /* IPI for generic function call */ 1472 set_intr_gate(CALL_FUNCTION_VECTOR, call_function_interrupt); 1473 } These gates are installed at boot time, and are responsible for handling the various interrupts on multiprocessor systems. An APIC is required on all SMP systems for various reasons, and scheduling is one of them. There is one small detail that I left out. You may have wondered about the TIF_POLLING_NRFLAG scattered about in the code. If you provide "idle=poll" as a kernel parameter at boot time, the idle function points to poll_idle() , instead of default_idle() . The poll_idle() function does not halt the processor, but spins around checking to see if a task is ready to run. As you may have guessed, although performance may improve, it's not very power-friendly. You certainly don't want this on your laptop. 124 /* 125 * On SMP it's slightly faster (but much more power-consuming!) 126 * to poll the ->work.need_resched flag instead of waiting for the 127 * cross-CPU IPI to arrive. Use this option with caution. 128 */ 129 static void poll_idle (void) 130 { 131 local_irq_enable(); 132 133 asm volatile( 134 "2:" 135 "testl %0, %1;" 136 "rep; nop;" 137 "je 2b;" 138 : : "i"(_TIF_NEED_RESCHED), "m" (current_thread_info()->flags)); 139 } If you go back and read the resched_task() function, you will notice that the IPI is only sent if TIF_POLLING_NRFLAG is not set. Since the CPU is already running, it is not necessary to interrupt it. A final word about IPIs. Waking up a halted processor is not all that it is used for. It is also used in the memory management code, to maintain cache coherency, in certian synchronization code, and many other places in the scheduler. If you found this interesting and want to learn more, listed below are a few places you can go digging around. Happy hacking! Note : All file paths are relative to the base of the Linux kernel source tree. The code snippets in this article are from version 2.6.20 of the kernel. kernel/sched.c kernel/cpu.c arch/i386/kernel/smp.c arch/i386/kernel/smpboot.c arch/i386/kernel/process.c arch/i386/kernel/head.S include/asm-i386/apic.h Intel APIC Architecture cheap microsoft office cheap corel draw

Tags: cpu, function, processor, interrupt, ipi